Extraction is by water distillation of the bud.

Odour - strong spicy and penetrating

History - domestic spice. Pomanders made by sticking cloves into oranges make effective insect
repellent and help keep disease-carrying insects away. Traditionally used to relieve toothaches. Used in perfumery to recreate the smell of carnation. uses - Lifts depression. Used as an antiseptic in dentistry. Beneficial for inflammatory conditions such as rheumatiodarthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions. Can be vapourised with orange and cinnamon for a winter fragrance that also gives some protection against winter epidemics

Blends with - cinnamon, ginger, lavender, nutmeg, orange, rosemary.

Safety - dermal irritant, mucous membrane irritant, toxic to the liver.